Spinal Fusion Surgery is a procedure performed to stabilize the spine by permanently joining two or more vertebrae, eliminating motion between them. It is commonly done to treat conditions such as spinal instability, spondylolisthesis, degenerative disc disease, spinal fractures, or deformities like scoliosis. By fusing the affected vertebrae, the surgery helps relieve pain, correct alignment, and improve spinal strength and function.

Purpose

• To stabilize unstable spinal segments
• To correct deformities or misalignment
• To relieve pain caused by excessive motion between vertebrae
• To treat conditions such as spondylolisthesis, severe arthritis, or disc degeneration

Procedure

• Performed under general anesthesia.
• The surgeon removes the damaged disc or bone between vertebrae.
• A bone graft (from the patient’s pelvis or a donor) or a synthetic cage is placed between the vertebrae.
• Metal screws, rods, or plates are used to hold the vertebrae together until the bone heals and fusion occurs.
• The fusion may be done through different approaches — Posterior (from the back), Anterior (from the front), or Lateral (from the side) depending on the condition.

Types of Spinal Fusion

• PLIF (Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion)
• TLIF (Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion)
• ALIF (Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion)
• XLIF / LLIF (Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion)

Advantages

• Provides long-term spinal stability
• Relieves chronic back and leg pain
• Corrects spinal deformity or curvature
• Improves posture and overall function