Laminectomy, also called decompression surgery, is a common spine procedure performed to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerves caused by spinal stenosis — a condition where the spinal canal becomes narrowed due to age-related changes, disc degeneration, bone spurs, or thickened ligaments. This narrowing compresses the nerves, leading to pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the back and legs, often worsening during walking or standing.

• Purpose: The main goal is to decompress the spinal nerves and create more space within the spinal canal, thereby relieving pain and improving movement. It is typically recommended for patients with lumbar or cervical spinal stenosis who do not improve with medications, physiotherapy, or injections.

Procedure

• The surgery is done under general anesthesia.
• A small incision is made over the affected spine level.
• The lamina — a bony arch that covers the spinal canal — is carefully removed to enlarge the space for the spinal cord and nerves.
• Any thickened ligaments, bone spurs, or herniated disc material pressing on the nerves are also removed.
• In some cases, if there is spinal instability, a spinal fusion (joining two or more vertebrae using screws and rods) may be performed along with decompression.

Types of Surgery

• Conventional (Open) Laminectomy – Involves a larger incision and direct visualization of the spine.
• Minimally Invasive Decompression – Uses smaller incisions, specialized instruments, and microscopes or endoscopes to minimize muscle damage and promote faster healing.

Advantages

• Significant relief from leg and back pain
• Improved walking endurance and posture
• Minimal blood loss (especially with minimally invasive techniques)
• Faster rehabilitation and shorter hospital stay

Recovery: Most patients can walk within a few hours after surgery. Hospital stay ranges from 1–3 days. Light activities can resume within a few days, while complete recovery and return to work usually occur within 4–6 weeks. Physiotherapy helps strengthen the back muscles and maintain spinal stability.